Pterygium is a common eye condition characterized by the growth of a pink, fleshy tissue on the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye. Often referred to as "surfer's eye," pterygium is associated with prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, dust, wind, and other environmental factors. While pterygium is typically benign, it can cause symptoms such as redness, irritation, dryness, and foreign body sensation. In some cases, pterygium can grow large enough to encroach on the cornea, potentially leading to astigmatism, vision distortion, and decreased visual acuity. Pterygium surgery becomes necessary when the growth causes significant discomfort, affects vision, or threatens to encroach upon the cornea.

Pterygium surgery, also known as pterygium excision, involves the removal of the abnormal tissue growth from the surface of the eye. The procedure is typically performed by an ophthalmologist under local anesthesia. During the surgery, the surgeon carefully excises the pterygium and may use techniques to prevent its recurrence, such as grafting healthy tissue onto the affected area. The primary advantage of pterygium surgery is the elimination of symptoms associated with the growth, including redness, irritation, and visual disturbances. By removing the pterygium, patients can experience improved comfort, clearer vision, and a reduced risk of recurrence, allowing them to resume their daily activities with greater ease and comfort.