Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions characterized by damage to the optic nerve, often associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). This damage can lead to irreversible vision loss and blindness if left untreated. Glaucoma typically develops gradually and without symptoms until significant vision loss occurs, earning it the moniker "the silent thief of sight." While the exact cause of glaucoma remains unknown, factors such as genetics, age, and high intraocular pressure are commonly associated with its development. Glaucoma surgery becomes necessary when traditional treatments, such as eye drops or laser therapy, fail to adequately control intraocular pressure or prevent further optic nerve damage.

Glaucoma surgery aims to lower intraocular pressure by improving fluid drainage from the eye or reducing fluid production within the eye. There are various surgical techniques available, including trabeculectomy, trabeculotomy, and minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS). These procedures are typically performed by ophthalmologists and may involve creating a new drainage channel, removing part of the eye's drainage system, or implanting a drainage device. The primary advantage of glaucoma surgery is its ability to prevent or slow down further vision loss by effectively managing intraocular pressure. By preserving the optic nerve and maintaining visual function, glaucoma surgery helps patients maintain their independence and quality of life.